What Is A Table? Psalm 23 – Part 2

Psalm 23 is probably the most well known psalm and has most likely had more sermons preached, teachings given on it, with more books and commentaries written about it than any other in the Bible.

Comparing their explanations of the first part of this verse reveals that most commentators agree with each other on the following conclusion: David is being provided a great feast by the Lord while his enemies are watching him and are wondering how he could enjoy such a feast when they are about to kill him; and furthermore it’s David’s way of showing that he has no fear of his enemies

In many ways, this does agree with his walking through the valley of deaths shadow and fearing no evil. 

There is also the popular reference where tradition teaches us this is a poem with a shepherding motif. We understand that the shepherd leads his sheep to rich fields to graze and protects them from any predators, he is watching over the sheep while they eat safely and they are completely unaware of any dangers.

This seems to be describing a picture showing that the Psalmist has left the valley of the shadow of death and is now in a place of security, and without fear of attack by his enemies David is able to enjoy this great feast. Some commentators say the Psalmist is transitioning out of the shepherding motif and now is a king who is feeling secure even though a king is often surrounded by enemies and threats to his power. 

Last post we asked the question:

Why are we so quick to assume that the table represents a banquet or feast of physical food, or even having a meal? The scripture actually only says that God prepares a table. It does not say a feast, nor a banquet, just simply a table.

 

There are 2 very different things about this table prepared by our Father.

One is

to hear about what is served at the Table that God has prepared

and the other is

To eat from the table God has prepared.

All who eat have heard

however

not all who hear eat.

It remains true then that

To him who has ears to hear,

let him eat that which God has prepared.

Research shows there is a very strong cultural expression here, that exists even in this modern age in the Middle East.

First, we need to examine the word prepare. 

Because it is the Lord God who is preparing this table, it makes Him sound like a servant who is setting the table for the Psalmist.

The word prepare in Hebrew is

‘arak

which means:

to set in order or arrange. 

In the Persian language it is a term used by the military for: preparing for battle; 

and in the Phoenician language, the closest word to the Hebrew

arakat

is a merchant’s term for:

negotiating a business deal.  

Strongs #6186

ta·‘ă·rōḵ

תַּעֲרֹ֬ךְ

You prepare

V‑Qal‑Imperf‑2ms 

arak: To arrange, set in order, prepare, compare, value

Original Word: עָרַךְ
Transliteration: `arak
Pronunciation: ah-RAHK
Phonetic Spelling: (aw-rak’)
Definition: To arrange, set in order, prepare, compare, value
Meaning: to set in a, row, arrange, put in order

 Greek G3903 (paratithemi): To set before, to place beside, to present

G5021 (tasso): To arrange, to appoint, to ordain

The Hebrew verb “arak” primarily means to arrange or set in order. It is used in various contexts, including the preparation of items, the arrangement of troops for battle, and the setting of a table. The word can also imply the act of comparing or valuing something, indicating a process of evaluation or judgment.

 In ancient Israelite culture, the concept of order and arrangement was significant, reflecting the broader biblical theme of God bringing order out of chaos. The act of arranging or setting things in order was not only practical but also symbolic of divine order and purpose. In the context of worship, for example, the careful arrangement of offerings and the setting of the table for the showbread in the Tabernacle were acts of reverence and obedience to God’s commands.

Last post we looked at the Hebrew word for table which is shulachan; most lexicons say it means a table.

 

We saw that this word comes from the root word shalach

and that it’s a word used for:

moving toward a goal or resolution.

And we have to ask, exactly what does that have to do with a table?

Another Hebrew word for table is: tavala

which is:

a board or plank of wood.

For most people that is what we imagine on hearing the word table.

However, Shulachan שחן has a meaning that is different from a wooden structure, it’s a special table, one used for:

reaching a goal or finding a solution to a problem.

Shalach in its Semitic root has the idea of :

sending forth a message.

Interesting side note on the Semitic root:

There is a Jewish phrase Shulchan Aruk. This phrase means literally, preparing the table. In scriptural thought, preparing a table with food created for the body, is synonymous with the purpose of Torah, preparing food for a holy walk. This truth is referred to many times by Yeshua’, not the least of which is in Mattityahu 4:4 (Matthew).But he answered and said, It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God. What makes the shulchan even more interesting is that its verbal root is shalach (שלח). This is the common Hebrew word meaning to send forth. The word shalach is translated in the Septuagint (Greek translation of the Old Testament) and eventually into the New Testament as apostole (άπόστολος), from which we get the word apostle. As defined in the Tanakh, an apostle is one that is sent forth for a purpose. The function of an apostle, based upon the background of the meaning of the word, is to prepare a table or to provide a proper setting of food to those who are hungry. The apostle’s ultimate responsibility is to provide the only true food that YHVH has given to humanity, His Torah – teachin,g instructions and directions for life..

 

And once more we ask the question, what does that have to do with a table? 

In its root form, it means: to send out or to reach out,

and is used for

forming a diplomatic commission.

In other words ‘arak and shulchan,

preparing a table is:

to prepare a table for negotiations.

To have this table set before his enemies, would suggest that Adonai is preparing negotiations for the Psalmist with his enemies.

In almost every culture today, tables have multiple uses. They are made from either wood or some other strong material that has at least 3 legs, usually 4 for stability. Most have accompanying chairs for the purpose of sitting down beside them to eat, write, or a myriad of other uses. 

In the ancient Middle East tables were less popular. Historical information records that the people of the ancient Middle East, as today for many nomadic people, they never ate at a table. Even the wealthy and kings did not normally eat at a table. Instead they simply sat or reclined on the ground and shared food from a common plate. Tables were not a common item and were used only occasionally.

This idea of some kind of a banquet or food feast probably comes from the phrase:

YHVH is setting a table before his enemies.  It’s very doubtful that a shepherd would set up a table to eat, somewhere out in the wilderness surrounded by his sheep. Sometimes we read verses and don’t even stop to consider what the real meaning is telling us.

The mention of the shepherd in this psalm says that Adonai anoints his head with oil. There is historical evidence that shepherds did use a type of plant oil, maybe that of Oley to rub in the wounds of sheep that might have been injured, e.g. from thorns; and to keep insects away from their heads. Again if we read this with the picture that: Our Heavenly Father prepares a meal for us to eat in front of our enemies, who are just waiting to harm or kill us and if they do. Then He rubs some healing oil over our wounds to heal and restore us; at face value Psalm 23 does convey this message, however, as we are learning, in YHWH’s Word there is always more! Any archaeological study of that era will reveal that a table as we think of one, is quite out of place in this Psalm; and our Heavenly Father is much more proactive against our enemies.

However, this suggestion of a feast may be where commentators get their idea of anointing his head with oil from.  In those days when a king gave a banquet or feast for invited guests each guest would bring oil with them, most likely frankincense, into the banqueting hall and it was poured over his head.  Frankincense was considered the oil of kings. This was done for several reasons. One being that it would also create a euphoric feeling as it filled the air and it also helped to cover body odors from those who did not wash as frequently as people do today.

The phrase ‘a feast before one’s enemies’, is a reference to an ancient Middle Eastern tradition.  Attempts to reconcile issues between rivals or enemies were often resolved by sharing a meal together and specifically this would involve a table where all the food and drinks were placed for all to see. Professional tasters would sample both the food and the drinks to make certain non of it was poisoned, ruling out ulterior motives. They would all eat from a common plate, so they needed a table so they could eat from both sides, if the food was poisoned they would all be affected. This would build trust between them and help greatly in the process of resolving their issues peacefully.

In fact, that is where the idea of a toast originated. It is said that the two parties raised their cups of wine together then drink from each other’s cup just to be sure the other didn’t sneak poison into the other’s drink.  If they were really serious about coming to an agreement, they would tap their cups and drink from their own cup to show their complete trust in the good faith of the other party. This has become a familiar sight at all kinds of celebrations today.

With this in mind we have a greater understanding that David was declaring that the Lord God was working on his behalf by doing the right thing toward his enemies in trying prevent physical war and to forge a peaceful solution to their differences. It is not strange today when we hear on the news today that conflicts in the Middle East are often discussed around a table which includes a meal. 

A table was used when there was business to conduct and you needed something solid to write on, or you had to be in a good sitting position able to look your adversary in the eyes. 

The Hebrew word most often translated as enemy is ‘oyebh, meaning perhaps literally, “one who hates”.

Another word for enemy in Hebrew is tsar/tsarar which means: 

to be restricted, narrow or to bind up.

Strongs 6862

tsar: Adversary, enemy, distress, trouble

Original Word: צַר
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: tsar
Pronunciation: tsar
Phonetic Spelling: (tsar)
Definition: Adversary, enemy, distress, trouble
Meaning: narrow, a tight place, a pebble, an opponent

Word Origin: Derived from the root verb צָרַר (tsarar), meaning “to bind” or “to be narrow.”

G2346 (θλίβω, thlibō): Meaning “to press” or “to afflict,” often used in the context of tribulation or distress.

The Hebrew word “tsar” primarily denotes an adversary or enemy, often used to describe someone who causes distress or trouble. It can also refer to the state of being in distress or experiencing hardship. The term is frequently used in the context of conflict, whether physical, emotional, or spiritual, and is often associated with the trials faced by individuals or the nation of Israel.

In the Akkadian it is the word fararu which means:

a foe or adversary. It’s an adversary that is binding you or restricting you from accomplishing your purpose. 

How do people respond when someone stands their way of accomplishing a task or goal?  They usually apply some force, intimidation, or conflict to get this adversary out of the way. 

How does this relate to us and our personal lives?

Here is a great lesson in Psalm 23.  Up to now, our Heavenly Father’s only intervention was to create a sense of peace for the Psalmist. The Psalm begins with the statement that God provides everything for him so that he has no lack and wants nothing.  His soul is restored, and he is led to green pastures and still waters. He carries a rod and staff which comfort him and now He prepares a negotiating table with him before his enemies.

Psalm 23 covers all our needs!

 

Surely this is one of the greatest achievements in life, when we can have peaceful relationships with others. Our bodies needs rest, our souls need restoration and healing, but until the mind finds understanding and relief, none of this can happen.

When someone slights us, treats us badly by disrespecting us and seems bent on making our lives miserable. We instinctively call out to our Heavenly Father asking Him to remove this person from our lives; and we probably think of many ways that this adversary can be taken away. However, our Heavenly Father has the real solution by setting up a table, negotiations with our enemies.  

We can glean from this that our Heavenly Father has set a table for us in the presence of our enemies, He desires for us to peacefully resolve the differences we have with one another, to talk them out, and if possible be friends and not enemies. 

It is a sad fact that in congregations and assemblies of believers conflicts do exist, some people never work through their issues and end up holding grudges, and not talking to each other. Serious differences sometimes cause a congregation to split, key people will leave with hearts of bitterness toward fellow believers. Our Heavenly Father is ready to prepare a table and help settle the differences; and many times it is not a fixed in an instant, solutions are preceded by prayer and communication.

Strife, contention and division are some of the enemy’s greatest weapons and are used to create disunity and disharmony.

James 3:16  For where there are envying and strife, there are contention and every evil work. (evil = out of harmony with the Fathers will).

Our Heavenly Father is ready to heal those wounds but there must be honest communication between the parties before the healing can begin and this requires His wisdom. James continues in verse 17 But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be intreated, full of mercy and good fruits without partiality, and without hypocrisy.18 And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace of them that make peace/shalom.

A final note in that it is God who prepares the table. He is the One who brings the two parties together. He is the mediator, the arbitrator, the impartial judge who brings both parties together to come to an amicable agreement.  

In most disputes, both parties have good and understandable points of view that have caused the conflicting opinions. Our Heavenly Father wants us to talk it out, and to try to understand the other’s point of view. Once we do, it’s much easier to forgive and reconcile. After studying these verses, rather than the picture of our Father setting up the table so the Psalmist can peacefully eat his meal in defiance against his enemy.  Let’s try and view it from the meaning that He is setting up a table to negotiate and reconcile with his enemy. This may be a more realistic view of these verses, let the reader decide!

Shalom, shalom mishpachah/family

and cheverim/friends!

It’s all about Life and Relationship,

NOT Religion.

You are greatly loved and precious in His sight.

NOT SURE?

YOU CAN BE..

SAY THE FOLLOWING FROM YOUR HEART RIGHT NOW…

Heavenly Father I come to you in the Name of Jesus/Yeshua asking for forgiveness of my sins for which I am truly sorry. I repent of them all and turn away from my past.

I believe with my heart and confess with my mouth that Jesus/Yeshua is your Son and that He died on the cross at calvary to pay the price for my sin, so that I might be forgiven and have eternal life in the kingdom of Heaven. Father I believe that Jesus/Yeshua rose from the dead and I ask you to come into my life right now and be my personal Savior and Lord and I will worship you all the days of my life. Because your word is truth I say that I am now forgiven and born again and by faith I am washed clean with the blood of Jesus/Yeshua. Thank you that you have accepted me into your family in Jesus’/Yeshua’s name. Amen.

What Is A Table In Psalms 23?

Psalms 23:5: 

Thou preparest

a table

before me in the presence of mine enemies:

What do we think of when we read this well known verse?

Do we think or visualize a table full of food?

Do we think of physical provision to sustain bodily strength and stamina?

Or do we think more of the spiritual provision of the abundant life in our Father by His Spirit through Yeshua/Messiah?

Why would David be eating at a table in front of enemies?

Why is this table coupled with anointing his head with oil?

There is a similar scripture in Psalm 78:19 about

a table in the wilderness.

Is this a reference to our Heavenly Father being able to provide supernatural sustenance, as in manna from heaven; in the same way He did for the children of Israel during their desert wilderness journey?

What kind of table does David mean?

As we look a little more closely at the Hebrew words we get a wider picture of the context in which David, as King, was thinking.

“Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over.”

Psalm 23:5 
HEB: תַּעֲרֹ֬ךְ לְפָנַ֨י ׀ שֻׁלְחָ֗ן נֶ֥גֶד צֹרְרָ֑י
NAS: You prepare a table before
KJV: Thou preparest a table before
INT: prepare before A table the presence of my enemies

In some translations the word prepare reads as

Furnish, meaning: make available.

“Yea, they spoke against God; they said,

Can God furnish a table in the wilderness?”

Psalm 78:19 
HEB: אֵ֑ל לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ שֻׁ֝לְחָ֗ן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃
NAS: God prepare a table in the wilderness?
KJV: God furnish a table in the wilderness?
INT: God prepare A table desert

In Hebrew the word for table is:

Shulachan – שלחן 

Shin Lamed Cheth Nun

7979 [e]
šul·ḥān,
שֻׁלְחָ֗ן
a table

shulchan: Table

Original Word: שֻׁלְחָן
Transliteration: shulchan
Pronunciation: shool-khawn’
Phonetic Spelling: shool-khawn’
Definition: Table
Meaning: a table, a meal, from an unused root meaning:

to spread out.

 G5132 (trapeza): Often used in the New Testament to refer to a table, including the table of the Lord’s Supper.

The Hebrew word “shulchan” primarily refers to a table, often used for eating, displaying items, or conducting business. In the biblical context, it can denote both ordinary household tables and sacred tables used in religious rituals, such as the Table of Showbread in the Tabernacle and Temple.

 

In ancient Near Eastern culture, the table was a piece of furniture in both domestic and religious settings. It symbolized fellowship, hospitality, and provision. The Table of Showbread in the Tabernacle, for instance, held twelve loaves representing the twelve tribes of Israel, signifying God’s continual provision and presence among His people.

Tables were also places of negotiation and covenant-making, reflecting their role in social and communal life.

Brown-Driver-Briggs

שֻׁלְחָן71  noun masculineExodus 25:23 table (on form of word compare GFMl.c.; properly (see above) skin or leather mat spread on ground, see also, on early Semitic ‘table,’ Thes1417 WeSkizzen iv. 157 RSSemitic i. 184; 2nd ed. 201KennedyEncy. Bib iii. 2991); — absolute ׳שׁ 1 Samuel 20:34 +; construct שֻׁלְחַן 1 Kings 5:7 +; suffix שֻׁלְחָנִי Judges 1:7 +, etc.; plural שֻׁלְחָנוֺת Isaiah 28:8 +, construct שֻׁלְחֲנוֺת 1 Chronicles 28:16 (twice in verse); —

1 table for king’s repast Judges 1:7 (with תַּחַת), 1 Samuel 20:29,342 Samuel 9:11 (read דָּוִד ׳שׁ ᵐ5 Th We Dr and modern), 2 Samuel 9:132 Samuel 19:291 Kings 2:71 Kings 5:11 Kings 18:191 Kings 10:5 2Chronicles 9:4, compare Isaiah 21:5 (with  עָרַךְ (q. v.

1carrange); with עַל 2 Samuel 9:7,10,11; Daniel 11:27; for governor Nehemiah 5:17 (with עַל).

2 for private use 1 Kings 13:20 (with אֶל), Job 36:16Psalm 23:5 (figurative, with עָרַךְ),

compare Psalm 78:19(id.),

 Psalm 128:3, also (in bedroom) 2 Kings 4:10; of revellers Isaiah 28:8, compare Psalm 69:23 (figurative), of wisdom (figurative) Proverbs 9:2.

3 especially Ezekiel, P for sacred uses: in tabernacle Exodus 25:23 17t. 25-40, Numbers 3:31, שֻׁלְחַן הַמָּנִיםNumbers 4:7 (compare 2 Chronicles 29:18 below); הַטָּהֹר׳הַשּׁ Leviticus 24:26 (compare 2 Chronicles 13:11 below); in Solomon’s temple 1 Kings 7:48; 2Chronicles 29:18, also (10 in number) 2 Chronicles 4:8,19; 13:11, compare 1 Chronicles 28:16 (4 t. in verse), also Ezekiel 23:41 (with עָרַךְ); in Ezekiel’s temple Ezekiel 40:39 (twice in verse) + 6 t. Ezekiel 40 (8 in number), Ezekiel 40:42 (of stone, 4 in number); like altar Ezekiel 41:22, = altar of burnt-offering Ezekiel 44:16; in second temple, ׳שֻׁלְחַן י Malachi 1:7, אֲדֹנָֻ׳שׁ Malachi 1:12; for idolatrous meal Isaiah 65:11; figurative of ׳י’s sacrificial feast Ezekiel 39:20(eschatological).

With these meanings in mind, it seems strange that every modern English translation renders the Hebrew word shalachan as a table.  

Shalachan comes from the root word shalach. 

Strong’s Hebrew: 7971. שָׁלַח (shalach) — to send

Original Word: שָׁלַח 

Transliteration: shalach 

Phonetic Spelling: shaw-lakh’

Definition: to send, to let go, to stretch out

Meaning: to send away, for, out

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7971.htm

 G649 (apostellō): To send away, to send forth

– G3992 (pempō): To send, to dispatch

The Hebrew verb “shalach” primarily means “to send” or “to let go.” It is used extensively in the Old Testament to describe:

the act of sending someone or something away,

dispatching a message, or

extending one’s hand.

The term can also imply

releasing or setting free,

as well as the act of stretching out one’s hand,

often in the context of reaching or attacking.

In ancient Hebrew culture, the act of sending was significant in various contexts, including familial, military, and religious settings. Sending a messenger or emissary was a common practice for communication between tribes and nations.

The concept of sending also held spiritual significance, as seen in the sending of prophets or divine messages.

The act of stretching out one’s hand could symbolize authority, blessing, or aggression, depending on the context.

again (5), bade his farewell (1), burned* (1), cast (2), cast off (1), casting (1), certainly let (1), certainly let the go (1), delivered (1), direct (1), dismissed (2), dispatch (1), divorce (3), divorces (1), drive (1), driving them away (1), escort (1), escorted him away (1), extended (2), extends (1), forlorn (1), gave (1), gave them over (1), get rid (1), gets his own way (1), go (11), go away (1), go free (4), grow long (1), laid (2), lay (8), let (8), let her go (2), let him go (3), let me go (4), let my go (11), let my go free (1), let out freely (1), let the go (8), let them down (1), let them go (6), let you go (7), let your loose (1), let go (1), let loose (2), let…down (1), let…go (3), lets his loose (1), lets you go (1), letting the go (1), letting them go (1), letting us go (1), loot (1), pointing (1), put (10), put forth (7), puts (2), putting (1), reached (3), reached* (1), release (2), released (3), remove (1), rushed (1), scattered (1), send (139), send him away (2), send it away (2), send me away (4), send them away (1), send you away (2), send away (4), sending (13), sending me away (1), sending them and again (1), sends (10), sent (420), sent her away (5), sent him away (5), sent his away (1), sent me away (2), sent the away (3), sent them away (9), sent you away (3), sent your away (1), sent away (7), sent…away (3), set (12), set your free (1), set free (1), shot (1), spread (2), spreads (3), stretch (13), stretch forth (3), stretched (11), stretches (2), surely let (1), surely let me go (1), throw (1), thrown (1), thrust (1), urgently send (1), use (1), will (1).

Strong’s Hebrew: 7964.

שִׁלּוּחִים (shilluchim) — a sending away, parting gift

 shilluchim

Phonetic Spelling: shil-loo’ akh

Definition: a sending away, parting gift

Word Origin from shalach

NASB Translation dowry (1 ), parting gifts (1 ) .

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7964.htm

Strong’s Hebrew: 7973.

שָׁ֫לַח (shelach)

— a missile, weapon, sprout

 shelach

Phonetic Spelling: sheh’ lakh

Definition: a missile, weapon, sprout.

NASB Translation defenses (1 ), Sheol (1 ), shoots ( 

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7973.htm

Strong’s Hebrew: 7972. שְׁלַח (shelach) — to send

shelach

Phonetic Spelling: (shel-akh’)

Definition: to send

Word Origin (Aramaic) corresponding to shalach

Definition: to send

NASB Translation attempts* (1 ), send (1 ), sent (12) . 

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7972.htm

Strong’s Hebrew: 7979. שֻׁלְחָן (shulchan) — a table

 :11 ; figurative of ׳ י’s sacrificial feast Ezekiel 39:20 (eschatological) . Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance table From shalach; a table (as spread out); by implication, a meal- table. see HEBREW shalach Forms 

 As a verb shalach means to send someone away,

to lay a hand on a person.

In other words to forcibly remove a person.

Its very origins lie in the idea of separation. 

 It is also a word that is sometimes used for a divorce where a woman is forced to leave against her own desires. As a noun, it has been used to represent a spear which follows the idea of sending away as you would throw a spear.

In rare cases, it is used for a table.   

We automatically assume that a table represents a place to eat.

Historical information records that tables used for eating were invented by the Greek and Roman cultures.

In Egypt those who were wealthy used pedestals for eating, however the general rule was that everyone else sat and ate on the ground. 

When the children of Israel heard the word shalach/table

in their minds it was referring to

the table in the mishkan/tabernacle

where the shewbread was placed

by the priests to show this

separation from the cursed earth.

When kings, leaders or chieftains of different tribes and nations would negotiate peace treaties in ancient times, a table was used. They would serve and share a drink or a meal as a sign of good faith and trust in their agreement; and clearly showed that they weren’t using the opportunity to poison each other.

When people wanted to settle a dispute, the table became a symbol of that desire. It’s a well known phrase that today where situations need to be resolved, we speak about moving to the negotiating table; and so the origin of the Hebrew word shalak meaning: table, comes from the idea of separating one from each other’s differences.

Because the context clearly speaks of the Hebrews complaining about manna, and desiring some variety in their diet, translations associate the table with food and eating. This is not eliminating the association as there are PaRDeS to consider.

However the question remains why David used the word shalach in this verse which merely suggests food, and not the word ‘okel which clearly indicates a variety of food?

We may find an answer in the other psalm where a table in the wilderness was mentioned.

Psalm 78:19:  “Yea, they spoke against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness?”

This verse tells us that they spoke against God.  The word spoke is dabar which are words from one’s heart.  Ps. 78:19.

Strong’s Hebrew: 1697. דָּבָר (dabar) — speech, word

Original Word: דָבָר

Transliteration: dabar

Phonetic Spelling: daw-baw’

Definition: speech, word

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1697.htm

Strong’s Hebrew: 1696. דָּבַר (dabar) — to speak

dabar: to speak

Original Word: דָבַר

Transliteration: dabar

Pronunciation: dah-VAHR

Phonetic Spelling: daw-bar’

Definition: to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing

Meaning: to arrange, to speak, to subdue

Greek 2980 (λαλέω, laleo) – to speak, to talk

– G2036 (εἶπον, eipon) – to say, to speak

– G4487 (ῥῆμα, rhema) – word, saying

The Hebrew verb “dabar” primarily means “to speak” or “to declare.” It is used extensively throughout the Old Testament to denote the act of speaking, whether it is God speaking to humans, humans speaking to each other, or even the act of declaring or commanding. The word can also imply a formal or authoritative speech, such as a command or a promise. It is a versatile term that encompasses a wide range of verbal communication.

In ancient Hebrew culture, spoken words held significant power and authority. The act of speaking was not merely a means of communication but was often seen as an expression of one’s will or intent. This is particularly evident in the context of divine speech, where God’s words are seen as creative and authoritative, bringing about reality and change. The concept of “dabar” reflects the importance of speech in covenantal relationships, legal settings, and prophetic declarations.

of hostility, against (Ew§ 217 f, (1)) Numbers 12:1,8Numbers 21:5,7 (E) Job 19:18Psalm 50:20Psalm 78:19.

There is a hebrew letter beth placed as a prefix before the word Elohim – God. The Beth is often used for the preposition in or on. And sometimes it can read as meaning: against.  So we can read this as they spoke in authority in God.The individuals in question were not foolish enough to speak against Elohim, however they spoke in God suggesting they were speaking God’s will.

If we are honest, many times we tend to do the same, we state God’s will as being our will; with the authority that who can argue against God’s will?

The next words: “Can God furnish” uses the word 

la’arok which is rendered as furnished.

6186 [e]
la·‘ă·rōḵ
לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ evoke
prepare
Prep‑l | V‑Qal‑Inf

Psalm 78:19 
HEB: הֲי֣וּכַל אֵ֑ל לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ שֻׁ֝לְחָ֗ן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃
NAS: God prepare a table
KJV: God furnish a table
INT: Can God prepare A table desert

 The word la’arok is in an infinitive construct state which would express a purpose or result. This comes from the root word ‘arak which means: to set in order or arrange.

6186 arak: To arrange, set in order, prepare, compare, value

Original Word: עָרַךְ
Transliteration: `arak
Pronunciation: ah-RAHK
Phonetic Spelling: (aw-rak’)
Definition: To arrange, set in order, prepare, compare, value
Meaning: to set in a, row, arrange, put in order

G3903 (paratithemi): To set before, to place beside, to present

– G5021 (tasso): To arrange, to appoint, to ordain

The Hebrew verb “arak” primarily means to arrange or set in order. It is used in various contexts, including the preparation of items, the arrangement of troops for battle, and the setting of a table. The word can also imply the act of comparing or valuing something, indicating a process of evaluation or judgment.

In ancient Israelite culture, the concept of order and arrangement was significant, reflecting the broader biblical theme of God bringing order out of chaos. The act of arranging or setting things in order was not only practical but also symbolic of divine order and purpose. In the context of worship, for example, the careful arrangement of offerings and the setting of the table for the showbread in the Tabernacle were acts of reverence and obedience to God’s commands.

 in common life (compare RS Sem i. 189 f., 2nd ed. 200 f.), arrange a table

Psalm 23:5Psalm 78:19 (figurative; subject God)

 So what we have is: “Is God not able to arrange a table?”

They were suggesting that:

they would ‘negotiate with God’

and ‘work out a settlement’!

From these references it would seem very likely that under the inspiration of the Fathers Holy Spirit, David used the word 

shalach (table) rather than ‘okel (food) 

to show a much deeper problem

than just wanting just a variety of food to eat.  

Strong’s Hebrew: 400. אֹ֫כֶל (okel) — food

 400. Strong’s Concordance okel: food

Original Word: אֹכֶל

Transliterationokel 

Phonetic Spelling: (o’ kel)

Definition: food.

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/400.htm

Strong’s Hebrew: 402. אָכְלָה (oklah) — food, eating

 : oklah

Phonetic Spelling: ok-law’

Definition: food, eating

NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin fem. of okel Definition food, eating NASB Translation eat (1 ), food (13), fuel (3 ) . 

https://biblehub.com/hebrew/402.htm

The Psalmist was showing that by wanting to

negotiate with God

they were stating that

redemption was not enough,

the presence of God was not enough,

they wanted more, and they wanted their own fleshly desires satisfied as well.

What they were saying was that, God was big enough to give them all they desired and they could still have His presence as well. 

As we often do too, Israel was only fooling themselves.  If we are really honest In our hearts, there have been times we do not want a father or a husband/wife, instead we want a sugar daddy who will give us everything on demand.

Instead of visualizing a banqueting table or smorgasbord of physical food to satisfy our flesh life and carnal desires; let’s re-read these verses with our renewed Hebraic mindset, and think more of King David’s position and of the spiritual provision of the abundant life available from our Heavenly Father by His Spirit, through Yeshua/Messiah. Final thoughts in next post…

Shalom, shalom mishpachah/family

and cheverim/friends!

It’s all about Life and Relationship,

NOT Religion.

You are greatly loved and precious in His sight.

NOT SURE?

YOU CAN BE..

SAY THE FOLLOWING FROM YOUR HEART RIGHT NOW…

Heavenly Father I come to you in the Name of Jesus/Yeshua asking for forgiveness of my sins for which I am truly sorry. I repent of them all and turn away from my past.

I believe with my heart and confess with my mouth that Jesus/Yeshua is your Son and that He died on the cross at calvary to pay the price for my sin, so that I might be forgiven and have eternal life in the kingdom of Heaven. Father I believe that Jesus/Yeshua rose from the dead and I ask you to come into my life right now and be my personal Savior and Lord and I will worship you all the days of my life. Because your word is truth I say that I am now forgiven and born again and by faith I am washed clean with the blood of Jesus/Yeshua. Thank you that you have accepted me into your family in Jesus’/Yeshua’s name. Amen.

The Almah Miriams and A Place At The Table

Some intriguing facts about people and places connected with this season of His appointed times:

The very first time Almah – עַלְמָה – almāh, is seen is in the Torah

Hebrew: תּוֹרָה, Direction, Instruction, Teaching or Law. (Pronounced:to-raw‘).

Strongs 8451: Acquired knowledge or skills that mark the direction one is to take in life.

A straight direction.

Knowledge passed from one person to another.

It is found in The Book of Exodus

(i.e., Sefer Shemot [סֵפֶר שְׁמוֹת])

שְׁמוֹת   Shemot, Shemoth, or Shemos (שְׁמוֹת — Hebrew for Names, in the Old Testament in the Tenakh.

The Tanakh (Hebrew: תַּנַ”ךְ‎, pronounced [taˈnaχ] or [təˈnax]; TaNaKh also Tenakh, Tenak, Tanach) ) is the canonical collection of Jewish texts, it is a name used in Judaism for the canon of the Hebrew Bible, which is also the textual source for the Christian Old Testament.

The Tanakh is also known as the Masoretic Text or the Miqra.

The Greek translation of the Hebrew (the Septuagint) (Kitvei HaKodesh

Some Jews refer to the entire Hebrew Bible (Kitvei HaKodesh) simply as the Torah without making the distinction of the divisions shown above.

Though the Christian Old Testament is the result of the canonization of the Jewish scriptures, the order of the books in the Tanakh is not identical to the Christian Old Testament (though the content is the same, the chapter and verse references are not).

כתבי הקדשׁ  – Kitvei HaKadosh – The Hebrew Scriptures

Almah is a Hebrew word – עַלְמָה – for virgin.

Almah (עַלְמָה ‘almāh, plural: עֲלָמוֹת ‘ălāmōṯ), from a root implying the vigour of adolescence and puberty.

It is a Hebrew word for a young woman of childbearing age. … Etymologically, the meaning of the word almah is derived from the verb almah, to hide, or to conceal which helps to support the virgin interpretation.  Being careful here in connecting the concept of being hidden with that of being a virgin, especially since some of the almah’s in the bible went about freely in public and were anything but hidden (Gen 24:43 and Psalm 68:25 -26).

Almah definition, (in Egypt) a woman or girl who dances or sings professionally.

In the second book of Torah in Exodus. Shemot – שְׁמוֹת ….

is the story of a young maiden, Miriam/Mary who was the one who watched over the baby Moses in his box/ark as he floated down the Nile River towards his destiny as a Redeemer of Israel; their mother having set him afloat so he would not be killed by Pharaoh’s servants and soldiers.

This occurred not long after Pharaoh decreed that all newborn Hebrew boys were to be drowned in the Nile river. Previous to this, Miriam’s mother, Yocheved, had hidden Miriam’s infant brother, Moses, for three months.

Miryam watches as Pharaoh’s daughter finds the basket.

Ex. 2:5 And the girl went and got the baby Moses’ birth mother, Jochebed, Pharaoh’s daughter Batya said to her, “Take this baby and nurse him for me, and I will pay you.” So the woman took and the baby and nursed him. When the child grew older, she took him to Pharaoh’s daughter who adopted him and he became her son. She named him Moses, saying, “I drew him out of the water.”

Almah is also found in Isaiah 7 where the prophetic word states that an Almah will conceive and bring forth a child.

Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign: The virgin (almah) will conceive and give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel. Isaiah 7:14

This Messianic prophecy is further complemented by a description of this same child found in Isaiah 9:6 which reconfirms the name Immanuel. The Septuagint (Greek copy of the Old Testament) chose the specific Greek word for virgin in this same Isaiah 7:14 prophecy many years before Yeshua/Jesus was born. In the New Testament, Matthew 1:18-23 confirms that Yeshua/Jesus, The Messiah, was the one foretold about in Isaiah 7:14.

Gen 24:43, here “almah” refers to Rebekah, a virgin.

Exodus 2:8, here almah is used to describe Moses’ s young sister, a young girl who is likely a virgin.

Song of Solomon 6:8, classifies Solomon’s women into three categories: wives, concubines and virgins. If they were not virgins, they would be concubines, suggesting almah means virgin.(4)

Scriptures of interest include:

Psalm 68:25, Song of Solomon 1:3, Proverbs 30:19 and Isaiah 9:6.

The Hebrew word almah is not used to describe a virgin 100 percent of the time however, it may have been the best choice in Hebrew and Greek wording.

 All believers understand that this prophecy tells of the virgin (almah) birth of our Messiah Jesus Christ/Yeshua HaMashiach. Complemented with Isaiah 9:6 which is a further description of this child, including His divine attributes, it fits perfectly with the child’s name/title here, Immanuel (God is with us).

https://www.minimannamoments.com/is-el-eem-anu/

True biblical prophecy works together with other areas of scripture, meaning words in scripture support scripture.

This child’s birthplace can be found in Micah 5:2

A ruler out of Bethlehem, this child’s name/title can be found here in Isaiah 7:14 (Immanuel).

His divine attributes are found in Isaiah 9:6 and Isaiah 43:11.

The time of his death is found in Daniel 9:24 – 27.

His resurrection is found in psalm 16. 

His return to earth (second coming) is found in 12:10 where Israel will look upon the one that is pierced which is further supported in Zechariah 14: 1-7 which brings Daniel’s 70th week (see Daniel 9:24-27) prophecy to an end.

All of these prophecies work together and no one prophecy needs to stand alone.

Some other Marys Almahs and Miryams

John tells us that early on the first day of the week, (Feast of Firstfruits) while it was still dark,

Mary Magdalene went to the tomb and saw that the stone had been removed from the entrance.

” Early on the first day of the week, while it was still dark, Mary Magdalene went to the tomb and saw that the stone had been removed from the entrance.”

John: 20:1

The first people to the tomb were women and 2 out of the 3 of them were called Mary. However all 3 may have been called Mary according to Mark 16:1 Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and {Mary} Salome went to the tomb.

Mary, (Hebrew Miryam), was one of the most common women’s names in New Testament times, and so it is not surprising that the crucifixion and resurrection narratives seem to speak of as many as five separate Marys.

As we all know the mother of Jesus/Yeshua was also called Mary (Hebrew Miryam); who, John tells us in 19:25, was at the cross with Mary the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene.  ‘standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.’

Mary is pronounced MARE-ee. It is of Latin origin, and the meaning of Mary is “star of the sea”.

Other possible meanings from the Hebrew are:

wished-for child;

rebellion;

sea of bitterness.

Another meaning of Miriam is “Mistress of the Sea”. Keeping in mind that many names may have different meanings in other countries and languages.

Transliteration: Miryam

Original Word: מִרְיָם

The name Maria (or Mary) is the Greek transliteration of an older version of the name Mary from the Hebrew name Miriam, the name Mareike means: Bitter or Sea, the same as Maria in Dutch.

The young woman in the exodus story was Mary/Miriam. רְיָםמִ strongs 4813 Miryam a sister of Aaron and Moses pronounced MEER-ee-em.

Most scholars derive the name Miriam from the verb מרה (mara) meaning to be bitter, rebellious or disobedient.

Strongs 4755 Mara מָרָא (pronounced MAHR-ah – maw-raw’) Mara: “bitter,” symbolic name of Naomi MARA. ma’-ra, mar’-a (marah, “bitter”): The term which Naomi applies to herself on her return from Moab to her native country.

Phonetic Spelling: (meer-yawm’)

Word Origin rom the same as Merayah

Original Word: מְרָיָה

Transliteration: Merayah

Phonetic Spelling: (mer-aw-yaw’)

Waters of bitterness or sorrow

Exodus 15:20. Miriam the prophetess — ΄αριαμ in the Greek, in the Latin Maria, from the Hebrew word מרה marah, bitterness. She was so called, say some, from the times of affliction and bitterness, (Exodus 1:14.) in which she was born.

There are several meanings behind the name Miriam, spelled ‘mem’, ‘reish/resh’, ‘yud/yod’, ‘mem’ in Hebrew (מִרְיָם),

Various Jewish sources relate to either bitter, water, rebellion or elevation.

One meaning is based on the letters ‘mem’, ‘reish’ of her name spelling “mar” (מר) which means “bitter”. This connotes the fact that Miriam was born during the beginning of Pharaoh’s bitter decrees as in the verse, “And the [Egyptians] embittered [the Jews’] lives with hard labor.

However, another meaning of mar (מר) is water as in the verse, “The nations are as a drop of water (c’mar) from a bucket”.

Miriam’s strong association with water includes her involvement in saving Moses at the Nile, singing praise to God after crossing the Sea of Reeds or Red Sea and the special well or spring of water called the “Well of Miriam”. In her merit, this well miraculously provided water for the Jews by accompanying them throughout their wanderings in the wilderness.

There is a Hebrew teaching that says, “Three great leaders led Israel: Moses, Aaron and Miriam.

In their merit they received three great gifts: the Well [Miriam],

the Clouds of Glory [Aaron]

and the Manna [Moses].”

When Miriam died, the well was removed as is evidenced by the fact that immediately after the verse And Miriam died, the Torah states, The People had no water.

After Miriam’s death, this is the significance of the verses where Moses is searching for and eventually strikes the rock, in order to restore its’ waters, which had dried up with Miriam’s death.

Concerning the death of Miriam, the Torah (First 5 books of Old Testament) states:

The entire congregation of the children of Israel arrived at the desert of Tzin in the first month, and the people settled in Kadesh. Miriam died there and was buried there”.

By identifying Miriam’s death as occurring in the 1st month the Torah reveals that she died in the Hebrew month of Nisan and indicate that the day of her passing, (yahrtzeit), was the 10th of Nisan.

The Sages taught that the Torah’s account of Miriam’s death follows immediately after the laws of purification through the red heifer. This may have been to in order to emphasize and teach that, just as sacrifices bring atonement, so the death of the righteous secures atonement.

Miriam’s great level of purity and righteousness is indicated by the fact that God chose her as the holy (set-apart) person through which to express this teaching. Also noted is that as did Aaron and Moses, Miriam also died through the painless kiss of death, whereby the Divine Presence is revealed to the departing soul as God lovingly draws it back within Himself.

The Sages also explains that this well was the same rock from which Moses brought forth water after Miriam’s death, but adds that it was round as a sieve; such that it would miraculously roll along with the Israelites on their journeys through the desert.

It further states that when they encamped, the leader of each Tribe took his staff to the well and drew a line in the sand toward his Tribe’s encampment. The waters of the well were drawn after the mark and thus supplied water for each of the Tribes. In this way, Miriam was a source of sustenance for all of Israel.

According to one opinion of the Sages, Miriam’s Well is now in the Sea of Galilee (the Kinneret). Based on verses which suggest the travelling and coming to rest of the well, they note: “One who ascends to the top of Mount Yeshimon on the Golan Heights, which overlooks wastelands (yeshimon) to the east one can see [looking west] a kind of small sieve in the Sea of Tiberius [the Sea of Galilee]. This is the Well of Miriam.”

According to another opinion of the Sages, the Well of Miriam came to rest in the Mediterranean Sea and can be seen from the heights of Mount Carmel on the coast of Haifa.

In addition, since water is associated with chesedcompassionkindliness – this meaning behind Miriam indicates her special acts of kindness in serving as a midwife,

devoting herself to the needs of her suffering people and sparing Israelite infants from Pharaoh’s evil decree.

Another meaning behind Miriam is related to the letters ‘mem’, ‘reish’, ‘yud’ of her name spelling: meri, (מרי) which means “rebellion”.

This makes reference to the way she rebelled against Pharaoh’s orders that the Jewish midwives kill all male infants. She even rebelled against her father who, in the name of sparing Hebrew infants from death, caused couples to separate so they wouldn’t have children. Once she convinced her father of his mistake, Amram remarried Yocheved, followed by the other Israelite men, after which time Moses was born.

A last meaning is based on all of the letters of the name Miriam, ‘mem’, ‘reish’, ‘yud’, ‘mem’ spelling the word: merim – (מרים) which means elevate. In the merit of saving the new-born Israelites, thereby building the House of Israel, God blessed Yocheved that He would make from her houses of cohanim and leviim and from Miriam, houses of kingship. Merim here indicates the fact that Miriam, from whom King David came (through her husband Calev of Judah), was elevated to house the Davidic Dynasty which is destined to elevate the Hebrew nation and the perfected community of humanity to Redemption and the World to Come. This might be consistent with an idea which, although not found in Jewish sources, is based on the suggestion that mri in ancient Egyptian means beloved.

The song of Miriam, Exodus 15:20-21 Miriam became the leader of the Hebrew women when they and their families escaped from Egypt. On one occasion she and the women sang the Song of Miriam; it is one of the few poems that survive from the ancient world.

Exodus 15:20 Then Miriam the prophet, Aaron’s sister, took a timbrel in her hand, and all the women followed her, with timbrels and dancing.

Then over 1000 years later another baby was born. She was named after this Almah. Moses sister Miriam.

In our translations we know her as Mary.

Meaning of Mary: Usual English form of Maria, which was the Latin form of the New Testament Greek names Μαριαμ (Mariam) and Μαρια (Maria) – the spellings are interchangeable – which were from the Hebrew name מִרְיָם (Miryam).

 Usual English form of Maria, which was the Latin form of the New Testament Greek names Μαριαμ (Mariam) and Μαρια (Maria) Like other typical Levite names, the name Miriam is probably Egyptian of origin, and mentioned earlier, derived from a word that means Beloved.

To a Hebrew audience, particularly one that didn’t speak ancient Egyptian, the name Miriam/Mary would have seemed obviously akin the verb מרה (mara) meaning to be rebellious or disobedient, or the related verb מרר (marar), meaning to be bitter or strong.

The meaning is not known for certain, but there are several theories including, (as previously mentioned): sea of bitterness, rebelliousness, and wished for child. However it was most likely originally an Egyptian name, perhaps derived in part from mry – beloved, or mr – love.

This is the name of several New Testament characters, most importantly Mary the mother of Messiah.

Matthew 1:18. “Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Ghost.”

There is the general belief that the name Mary in the Hebrew is Miriam. The problem with this is that Miriam as we have seen, means rebellious or bitter.

However she was always called Miriam and she was the true Almah, the one chosen as the vessel (womb/racham) to bring the Messiah, the Redeemer, into our world as a baby. Isaiah 9:6

This word Almah, also means, One who is hidden; as in Hidden from the world, (the place of hiding in the womb/racham) separate, pure and untouched.

The Hebrew verb: רָחַםrâcham (Strong’s #7355, x47) – to have mercy, and its corresponding noun: רַחַם – racham (Strong’s #7356, x44) mercy, compassion, womb, bowels.

רחמ

This word can also be applied to those who desire and then choose to become pure, untouched, separate from sin cleansed and holy/set apart. These will be the ones who will bear God’s presence and be a channel, a vessel for bearing God’s blessings into the world.

It is there, for whosoever will, to become a spiritual Almah.

To separate ourselves from whatever is pulling us in another direction and to join ourselves all the more securely to the Father.

There is no better time than right now at this season of new beginnings, of new life; to renew our covenant with the Lord, to rededicate our lives.

As we follow the days of Omer to Pentecost, we can prepare our hearts with some spiritual spring cleaning in readiness for the outpouring of His spirit, 50 days from Resurrection Day.

It was no coincidence that on Nisan 17 daytime – That among the women bringing spices to the tomb early in the morning were two called Mary/Miriam. Who had separated themselves (the ecclesia) to the service of their Lord and had been made clean, holy, set apart, in His sight.

Mark 16:1 – Three women visit Jesus’ tomb: Mary Magdalene, a second Mary the mother of James, and (Mary) Salome.

Having been given new life for old, they sought Him out from where He was Hidden from the world,

(the place of hiding in the womb/racham) in the tomb and resurrected raised as the seed,

Yeshua/Jesus the Messiah of new beginnings – Yeshua the Resheet on Reishit Katzir, the beginning of the Harvest; Chag Ha-Bikkurim –the first fruits festival.

(Weymouth New Testament):

In most solemn truth I tell you that unless the grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains what it was–a single grain; but that if it dies, it yields a rich harvest.

“Unless a grain of wheat falls to the ground and dies”

All food has to die first.

The grain is plucked from the ground, dies, is crushed, mixed and baked to make bread. The fresh fruit and vegetables we eat, were all cut off and removed from their life support and are in the process of dying when we eat them.

https://www.minimannamoments.com/the-season-of-our-hiding/

Then after Mary saw Jesus; the disciples encounter the risen Messiah and on Nisan 17 evening – Yeshua/Jesus raised from the dead at/after Havdalah, (at least before sunrise).

Interesting notes to questions that we have misinterpreted because of mis-translation, Hebraic meaning and culture.

What was the seating arrangement at the last supper, (Passover) and how did Judas get to sit at the place designated for the gathering’s most honored guest? Who prompted the Lord to reveal the name of His betrayer?

The upper room as it is today.

Most of us think of the Last Supper in terms that are familiar to us. In our imagination Jesus/Yeshua and His disciples sit around a square table on chairs. Jesus/Yeshua is at the center and His disciples are around him.

The famous painting of Leonardo Da Vinci may also be uppermost in our thinking.

The seating of guests in chairs, implied in Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper painting, were not used for this most solemn occasion.

Some scholars say the layout of tables may have taken a horseshoe shape.

At the Pesach/Passover supper, everyone reclined on one elbow and yet still faced the table. (As in the diagram above.)

This meant that they lay head towards table and feet away from it.

The person who reclined in front of another was referred to as reclining or leaning on the bosom or chest; or more commonly spoken of as the lap of that individual. Not literally leaning on the persons chest.

This was the meaning in John 13:23, 25; at the last Seder, Pesach supper meal. To be in Abraham’s bosom meant to have the place of honor at a banquet, in Luke 16:23 where it refers to Lazarus in Abraham’s bosom. This was in reference to him being a partaker of the same state of peace and joy as Abraham had in paradise awaiting Messiah. Here may be where we have misinterpreted that reference in John 13:25: Now there was leaning on Jesus‘ bosom one of his disciples, whom Jesus loved. 

In the seating diagram above, Judas is sitting to the left of Jesus/Yeshua, in the place designated for the most honored guest. Although the host would normally select who sat next to him, (see Luke 14:7 – 11), no record exists of Yeshua/Jesus asking Judas to sit next to Him. Judas likely felt he deserved to be the honored guest at the supper and quickly claimed the choice position as his right.

Apparently at a Jewish meal, the top place was at the head end of the table or the middle of the middle couch, however the guests, were not really free to sit where they desired. The host could seat and reseat guests as needs arose. Jesus gives an example of the host asking a presumptuous guest to give up his place of honor to another guest.

Luke 14:1 – 14 When he noticed how the guests picked the places of honor at the table, he told them this parable: “When someone invites you to a wedding feast, do not take the place of honor, for a person more distinguished than you may have been invited. [9] If so, the host who invited both of you will come and say to you, ‘Give this man your seat.’

 Based on Jewish law and tradition, Passover (and most meals) was partaken of while people reclined around a low, long oval table.

Each person would be lying on their left side and leaning on their left arm, with their feet behind them and their heads facing the table. This means those seated on the left side would have their bodies somewhat facing the end of the table. This position, during a meal like the last supper, frees up the right arm for eating.

Jesus/Yeshua was the host of this seder meal – (the leader). Although the Bible does not directly state the seating for this last meeting, we can postulate where Judas, Jesus, Peter, and John would have had to sit.

It should also be noted that Peter, in the seating diagram below, is located across from John at the end of the table. This was, (especially during this most solemn seder,) the lowest and most humble place at the table.

Is there evidence from the Scripture to show that the above seating arrangement for Yeshua/Jesus’s last gathering with His disciples is correct?

In the gospels it tells us that Peter had to get John’s attention in order for him to ask Yeshua/Jesus who was going to betray Him. (John 13:21, 24).

This would have been unnecessary if Peter was seated next to John. Peter, however, had to be close enough to John so that his request wouldn’t be heard by the others. John then leans backwards against Yeshua/Jesus’ chest to ask Him. (John 13:23-25).

Given how people sat to eat a meal, John had to be immediately to Yeshua/Jesus’ right while at the table. This position enabled him to slightly lean back and be against the Lord’s chest. Additionally, the interaction that involved Peter, John, Yeshua/Jesus and Judas, was quiet and close enough so that the other disciples didn’t know what was said (see John 13:28). This meant they didn’t know that, during the meal, the betrayer would be the one given a piece of bread, the sop.

The host of a formal meal or supper would give, the honored guest, at the table the first sop. The sop was a piece of bread or other small amount of choice food that is dipped in a sauce. The host, once he had the sop, would place it into the mouth of the honored guest. This guest always sat to the left of the host, in John 13:21, 25-26, the Bible clearly states was Judas Iscariot.

After receiving the sop, Judas asked if he was the betrayer, which Messiah confirmed that he was in Matthew 26:23-25. Satan then immediately enters Judas and he leaves the room.

The 9 disciples who didn’t hear what was discussed, were unaware of what was happening (John 13:28-29). After Judas left and the seder was finished, Yeshua/Jesus did something that caught the disciples off guard. He took off some of His clothes, wrapped a towel around his waist, and then began at Peter to wash the disciples’ feet (John 13:3-8)! Peter was the first to receive this ceremony since he sat at the end of the table. His seating also explains his initial impulsive rejection of having his feet washed (John 13:6)

Reclining to eat in first Century Israel was symbolic of their freedom from Egyptian bondage, no longer slaves. At Passover as at every seder meal, They reclined as described in the four Gospels. It was understood that when it was written that they reclined it was because they were eating a meal. So as to not take up much space at the table the couches or pillows they reclined on were angled toward the table. They were not full the length of a couch alongside the table.

In Hebraic thinking, the Seder plate holds the place of honor at the Passover table!

https://www.minimannamoments.com/midweek-mannabite-secrets-of-the-seder-plate/

Please – Don’t leave this page without making certain of your place at His Banqueting table.

He IS RISEN and He is calling you…inviting you to Come and Dine…

Shalom to all!

Make sure Messiah Jesus/Yeshua is your Redeemer, Savior, Lord and soon returning King and that you have a personal relationship with Him.

NOT CERTAIN?

YOU CAN BE..

Its all about Life and Relationship, NOT Religion.

You are greatly loved and very precious in His sight.

He longs to give you the Shalom He paid the ultimate price for..

Simply and honestly say the following, MEANING IT FROM YOUR HEART..don’t delay one more minute, SAY IT RIGHT NOW…

Heavenly Father I come to you in the Name of Jesus/Yeshua asking for forgiveness of my sins for which I am truly sorry. I repent of them all and turn away from my past.

I believe with my heart and confess with my mouth that Jesus/Yeshua is your Son and that He died on the cross at calvary to pay the price for my sin, so that I might be forgiven and have eternal life in the kingdom of Heaven. Father I believe that Jesus/Yeshua rose from the dead and I ask you to come into my life right now and be my personal Savior and Lord and I will worship you all the days of my life. Because your word is truth I say that I am now forgiven and born again and by faith I am washed clean with the blood of Jesus/Yeshua. Thank you that you have accepted me into your family in Jesus’/Yeshua’s name. Amen.