Do you remember when you were a child, and somebody would take something from you?

Sometimes, you would say, “Hey, that’s not yours!”

Then the reply would come:

“I don’t think so, it doesn’t have your name on it!”

This is often a battle between siblings when both want the same thing, and there isn’t enough to go around.  No doubt we’ve all heard that at least a few times in our lives! Many will recall repeatedly touching the disputed item while saying ‘Mine, mine, mine’!

 

There are scriptures in 1 Kings 11:36, telling us that God has chosen to put His ‘NAME’, on the location of the place we know as

 

 JERUSALEM

The  word ‘NAME’ in Hebrew is Hashem

and the holiest name of God also known as the ineffable/unspeakable name is

read in Hebrew from right to left above

Hey <Vav <Hey< Yod<

YHVH

with the letters

Yod Hey Vav Hey

(reading from right to left in English and is also sometimes  translated as Jehovah.)

Below is a look at Jerusalem, its location and the place where Jesus/Yeshua will appear when He returns and where the New Jerusalem we all look forward to will be located.

Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushaláyim

pronounced Yeh-roo-sha-la-yim

Looking at Israel from space and focusing in on the city.

In the verses shown below, God states that He has chosen Jerusalem and would put His name there.

And unto his son will I give one tribe, that David my servant may have a light alway before me in Jerusalem, the city which I have chosen me to put my name there.    1Kings 11:36

And he built altars in the house of the LORD, of which the LORD said, In Jerusalem will I put my name. 2 Kings 21:4

And he set a graven image of the grove that he had made in the house, of which the LORD said to David, and to Solomon his son,

In this house, and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all tribes of Israel, will I put My name for ever: 2 Kings 21:7

But I have chosen Jerusalem, that My Name might be there; and have chosen David to be over My people Israel.  2 Chronicles 6:6

Also he built altars in the house of the LORD, whereof the LORD had said, In Jerusalem shall My Name be for ever.          2 Chronicles 33:4

Located on a plateau in the Judean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea, is one of the oldest cities in the world.

It is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Israelis and Palestinians both claim Jerusalem as their capital, as Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there and the State of Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power.

During its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times.

The oldest part of the city was settled in the 4th millennium BCE.

In 1538, walls were built around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent.

Today those walls define the Old City, which has been traditionally divided into four quarters—known since the early 19th century as the Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Quarters.

The Old City became a World Heritage Site in 1981, and is on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond the Old City’s boundaries.

In tradition this is where it is believed

Adam was created from the red dirt of the ground

and where Noah brought an offering after the flood.

Mt Moriah is also the place where Abraham met Melchizedek,

where Abraham brought Isaac to be offered as a sacrifice. Genesis 22. In Hebrew called ‘the akedah’.

Scholars have identified that the same mountain is actually the mountain of myrrh (Song 4:6). Myrrh is mentioned more than any other single plant in the Bible and it held great value for the owner.

Myrrh comes from the word ‘morr’ in Hebrew, the root can refer to something that is a little bitter.

It is used in the anointing oil (Exo 30:23-25) and also for perfume on the priest garment (Ps 45:8).

Esther was soaked with myrrh for 6 months (Esther 2:12). It was one of the gifts given to Jesus/Yeshua.

Mt. Moriah is named after the moriah plant that looks like a Menorah.

                      

A 9 branched Chanukkah menorah

The plant name is similar to the root word for ‘Moriah’. The plant grows in Mt. Moriah. When it is squeezed, beautiful fragrance will come out. This is a picture of Jesus being crushed.

           

A 7 branched Temple menorah

The area on top of Mt. Moriah, the place where the temple used to sit, was in the shape of the letter ‘yud’

(the tenth letter of Hebrew alphabet).

This is the first letter of Gods Name, YHWH. Also the 1st letter for Jacob, Jerusalem, and Judah. So God put the first letter of His Name to things that are related or special to Him.

David bought the threshing floor

from Jebusite King Aranuah

David said he wouldn’t make an offering to God that cost him nothing.

Mount Moriah is also where the Temples were built. These were all at the same location!

 The site of the 1st Temple

built by King David

and 2^nd Temple

built by King Solomon

and the very place which was the site

Golgotha, ‘Gol-go-tha’, Hebrew for ‘the place of the skull’, just outside the city walls. John 19:17-20

where

Jesus/Yeshua was crucified

The elevation of Golgotha, Calvary at the North of Jerusalem interestingly is 777 metres. According to topographical maps the highest point of Mt Moriah.

Above: Skull Hill as seen in 1901 from the northern walls of Jerusalem’s Old City.

777 could also be seen as representing three areas of perfection in body, soul, and spirit.

How else might God put his name on Jerusalem?

It begins with a remarkable letter “Shin” in Hebrew alphabet and it is the 21st letter of the Hebrew alphabet.

 

The Shin letter is shaped much like the English letter w.

It is pronounced like “Sheen”. It is the one letter that represents the unspeakable name of the one and only God “YAHWEH”. This letter holds great significance to the Hebrew People.

Shin (also spelled Šin (šīn) or Sheen) and literally means “teeth”, “press”, and “sharp”; It is the twenty-first letter of the Semitic abjads , including Phoenician Shin, and Hebrew ‫ש‎Shin,

Shin also stands for the word Shaddai, a name for God.

One meaning of Shaddai is, “the keeper of the doors of Israel”, and also:
The letter Shin is often inscribed on the mezuzot placed on all the doorways of Jewish buildings. as God told the Israelites to do in Deut. 6:9.

Because of this, a Kohen (priest)

forms the letter Shin with his hands

as he recites the Priestly Blessing from the Book of Numbers 6:24-26

 

Jerusalem was the place they came to offer their gifts and sacrifices.  This is where the tabernacle was, (and the Temple built later), where sacrifices and offerings were made daily.   There is great significance to this place.

God was known to Abraham in Genesis 17:1

Isaac and Jacob as

El Shaddai. in Ex 6:3

El = God is the strong or first authority

The word El is made up of E/alef and L/lamed

Alef Means Ox, bull, strength, leader, first.

Lamed means Staff, cattle, goad, prod, toward, control and authority

Shaddai means ‘almighty’

Shad =Breast  –  Dai = Sheds forth

and put together El Shaddai =

The Strong Breasted One -The Almighty God- Mighty to Nourish and Supply

To them, God was called the ‘Almighty God’.

The letter Shin is often inscribed on the case containing a mezuzah, a scroll of parchment with Biblical text written on it.

The text contained in the mezuzah is the Shema Yisrael prayer, the scripture portion from Deuteronomy 6:4-9; 11:13-21; Num 15:37-43. which calls the Israelites to love their God with all their heart, soul and strength.

“Shema” in Hebrew and “To Hear” in English. It says ” Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is one Lord (KJV)”.

The mezuzah is situated upon all the door frames in a home or establishment. Sometimes the whole word Shaddai will be written on it. The exhibition of the Hebrew letter Shin is prominently displayed on the cover.

The sanctity of the home is symbolized by this small scroll and covering.  It is a solemn reminder to all who enter and leave the home that the house is Jewish and those who live there are devoted to the ideals of the scripture passages appearing on the scroll.

Interestingly each home, so configured with the mezuzot, could be said to have the name of God on it.

So if we are called by His name and He has formed us, would He sign His name upon us?   Isaiah 43:7 (KJV) Even every one that is called by my name: for I have created him for my glory, I have formed him; yea, I have made him.

Throughout Psalm 119 the letters of the Hebrew alphabet are listed.  The letter Shin is posted at 119:161.

There is one other place God has chosen to write His Name.

The shape of the letter Shin mimics the structure of the human heart:

the lower, larger left ventricle (which supplies the full body) and the smaller right ventricle (which supplies the lungs) are positioned like the lines of the letter Shin Follow the curve going under the right and left ventricles, and the ‘finger’ going up in the middle.

Once again, the letter shin…

the first letter of Shaddai.

God’s Name is not only written in the land of Israel, but physically on our hearts!

Humanity has the undeniable mark of being God’s creation.  Each of us have to choose whether to give our hearts totally to Him or not.  But, when we do, and the enemy comes against us, God can in effect say, “You can’t have them, because My Name is written there!”

Keeping this letter in mind while looking at an old map… 

To be continued.

Amazing conclusion coming in Part 2

 

We can say with the Psalmist..

Psalm 18:2  The Lord is my Rock, my Fortress, and my Deliverer; my God, my keen and firm Strength in Whom I will trust and take refuge, my Shield, and the Horn of my salvation, my High Tower.

Because

the Lord is my rock I shall trust in Him who is also my fortress and deliverer, my shield, the horn of my salvation and my High tower.

The Lord is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower.

PS 18:2  KJV

The reference to rock in this verse can have the meaning of both a large rocky area,

and also of a huge sheer cliff.

Cephas is the Latin spelling of an Aramaic word for rock ‘Kefa’, which is a ‘small hand sized rock’. (which is used in John 1:42, 1 Corinthians 1:12, 3:22, 9:5, 15:5, and Galatians 1:18, 2:9, 11, & 14.)

The Hebrew word for rock is סלע kaf, which is used well over 100 times in the Hebrew Scriptures, most often with its basic meaning as sole of the foot or palm of the hand, but not with the meaning of rock.

Kaf is simply a rock, small enough to be lifted in one hand.

In 1 Cor 10:4 the Greek word translated ‘rock’, is ‘petra’ meaning rock or large rock.

It does not convey the depth of the Hebrew words for ‘rock’, that refer to Messiah.

Three Hebrew words speak of God or Messiah as a rock. They are: 

צוק סלע תלול

TSOR

referring to a sheer rock cliff. 

צוק סלעי ענק

SAIL

referring to a huge craggy rocky cliff

and  אֶבֶן

EVEN or EBEN pronounced Eh-Ven

speaking of a cut stone

as used in construction

particularly the cornerstone.

Therefore thus saith the Lord God, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not be confounded. Is 28:16

Rocks and cliffs always make us think of an enduring and immovable place, something and somewhere that will not change, break or crumble under the weight of pressure.

When we are in a precarious or vulnerable position, when danger lurks in its many forms, we can trust the Lord to be our protection.

The only truly safe place is in Him, like being inside a huge impenetrable fortress.

He is the deliverer from all our situations.

The horn/power of His salvation both physical and spiritual is like a high tower.

Whenever you look down on something

it always appears reduced in size

and we are not so overwhelmed

BECAUSE we are above the problem..

and

Because

He is ALL these things..

He is worthy of our complete and unquestioning trust. For He is the Rock of our salvation and the chief corner stone which keeps our faith in Him stable and strong. Eph 2:20  1Peter 2:6,7

Be encouraged BECAUSE He will never ever fail us nor crumble under us.

Lion of Judah

aryeh shel yehudah

(יהודה של אריה)

 

Most instinctively our thoughts will go to Jesus/Yeshua as He is called the Lion of the tribe of Judah and we are familiar with that connection. However, the name of the tribe also gave rise to another more commonly known name as a way to reference the people – Jew.

Therefore Jew= a member of the tribe of Judah.

(The Lion of ‘Jewdah’)

As christians and believers, we happily associate ourselves with the scriptures and their emblems as a visual identity and by association being ‘grafted in’, we need to have an understanding and an appreciation of that which we are grafted into.

We cannot annex ourselves from truth, specifically that the Bible and Jesus are not inventions of western denominations  that originate from the 11^th century around 1054.

The origin of our faith is thousands of years older.

יהודה

The word  יְהוּדָה  Yehudah    “Judah”

(Note the letter ‘J’ does not exist in the Hebrew (alphabet) Alef Beit (see other post on this subject, link below) and is always pronounced Y. It does not exist in the Greek either and is written as a letter ‘I’. This was changed much later into the letter and with the pronunciation we know as ‘J’. Other languages e.g. Norwegian, Swedish, Spanish etc., have the same sound as Hebrew for J/Y).

ALEF BET Our Alphabet

 

The term “Jew” is derived from the name of Jacob’s fourth son with Leah. Genesis 29:35. Judah –Yehudah, in the Hebrew

and may have originally applied only to Judah’s descendents, who comprised one of the twelve tribes of Israel.

View larger chart at http://www.biblechronology.org/charts/Geneology.jpg

(12 sons and 1 Daughter Dinah by Leah)

Jacob/Israel said in his blessing:

You and your brothers will acknowledge Judah will be the source of Jewish leadership and royalty of the Davidic dynasty and Messiah.

Chart  Showing The Line From Judah To King David and King Solomon

Chart above enlargement at:

http://www.cookancestry.com/Biblical%20Genealogy/images/06%20Lineage%20of%20Judah.JPG

The word Jew comes from the blessing, Judah, so admired will you be by all your brothers that Jews will not say I am a Rubenite or a Simeonite but I am a Yehudi – Yudahite: Jew. Genesis 49

We read in the book of Esther that Mordechai, of Purim fame, was known as a Yehudi, even though he was from the tribe of Benjamin.

He was the first individual to be called a Jew (Yehudi) in the Scriptures.

“There was a man, a Yehudi, in Shushan the capital, whose name was Mordecai . . . a Yemini” (Esther 2:5)

Mordecai the Guardian

From the scriptures, we know that Mordecai was Esther’s elder cousin who raised her after the demise of her parents and became Mordecai the Guardian.

Mordecai sat in the king’s gate or court which meant that he was a man of intelligence and knowledge; very likely a scribe.  His wisdom of the Medo-Persian culture and palace life gave him the wisdom to counsel Hadassah into taking a Babylonian name, and not disclosing her lineage or religion.  It was also this wisdom—coupled with his palace access—that allowed him to save the king’s life. 2:21-23).

There is a passage in the Talmud (Tractate Megillah 12b) which asks on this: “He is called a Yehudi, implying that he descended from Judah; he then is called Yemini, implying that he is a Benjaminite!” Rabbi Jochanan responds: “He was a Benjaminite. Yet he was called a Yehudi because he rejected idolatry–and anyone who rejects idolatry is called a Yehudi.”

 

But there is also a deeper meaning to the name ‘Jew’.

The commentaries explain that the name Yehudah shares the same root as the Hebrew word hoda’ah, which means acknowledgement or submission.

One who acknowledges God’s existence and submits to His authority – to the extent that he is willing to sacrifice his life for the sanctification of His name – he is called a Yehudi.

 

Hence Abraham is commonly referred to as The First Jew.

As the first person to use his own cognitive abilities to discover and recognize the one God, reject the idolatrous ways of his ancestors and contemporaries, actively publicized the truth of God and was prepared to give his very life for these goals. Abraham epitomized Jewishness many centuries before the term came into common use.

A cub of a lion in the future Judah would be like a lion, the King of beasts that when Jacob blessed him he was still a cub, for his greatest moments when he would reign over the nation was still in the future.

When Joseph ‘went missing’, Jacob had suspected Judah more than the others, because he was the one destined for kingship, he thought that he would be the one who felt most threatened by Joseph’s dreams.

Jacob was also referring prophetically to Judah’s greatest descendant David who first displayed his strength and courage as a boy when he killed a lion and a bear. Genesis 49:9

The word יְהוּדָה  Yehudah   is usually translated as “Judah” in English Bibles.

This name has such rich meaning for both Jewish and Christian traditions.

For example, in the Hebrew Bible, God called King David, who came from the tribe of Judah, “the man after My own heart” (1 Sam. 13:14).

In the New Testament, Jesus/Yeshua, a later descendant of David, is referred to as ‘the Lion from the tribe of Judah’ (Rev.5:5).

 

Further, the sons of Jacob and their descendants make up the 12 tribes of Israel. Among them Judah will be supreme. From the tribe of Judah comes King David and from David’s line Jesus Christ is born. In Revelation 5 John describes his vision of the scroll and the lamb. No one is found worthy to open the scroll. Then “One of the elders said to me, ‘Do not weep. The lion of the tribe of Judah, the root of David, has triumphed, enabling him to open the scroll with its seven seals’” (verse 5).

The ‘Lion of the Tribe of Judah’ and the ‘Root of David’, are thus Messianic titles given to Jesus the Christ/Yeshua Ha Mashiach, who has been victorious in the struggle with evil.

 

The importance of Judah, therefore, is obvious.

But what does Judah actually mean in Hebrew?

The word Judah comes from the verb לְהודות Lehodot, which simply means ‘to thank’.

In the context of the Hebrew Bible, such thanks are synonymous not just with gratitude, but with praise.

The tribe of Judah is also synonymous with praise, as the praisers always led the Israelites on their journeys and the tribe of Judah was always at the front.

In fact, there was a particular sacrifice called ‘The Sacrifice of Thanksgiving.’ In the Temple in Jerusalem, it was called תּודָה “Todah” – the noun for “Thanksgiving.”

A commentary states that the reason for this was Leah’s motive in giving Judah his name. She gave it to express her gratitude to God for having given her more than her share. Genesis 29:35

It is characteristic of a Jew that he thanks God for everything, never feeling that he is entitled to divine benevolence, quite contrary to today’s attitude of entitlement and taking everything for granted and the expectation and attitude of, ‘ it is my right’.

It is a model for the heathen/ goyim. We would do well to emulate those to whom we are grafted into by grace and mercy.

It is interesting to note that in Modern Hebrew, to simply say ‘thanks’, Israelis use the very same word  תּודָה todah, that was used in the Temple to express gratitude to God.

Middle English,

from Anglo-French ju, jeu,

from Latin Judaeus,

from Greek Ioudaios,

from Hebrew Yĕhūdhī,

from Yĕhūdhāh Judah, Jewish kingdom

Etymology of the name Judah

The name Judah appears to be associated to the verb ידה (yada), meaning to praise noun and הוד (hod), generally meaning splendor, majesty, vigor, glory or honor,:

(This from the Hebrew dictionary Abarim Publications)

הוד  ידה

The two words ידה (yada) and הוד (hod) are formally completely separate, but their forms are so similar that when either of them appear in names, in conjunction with other elements, we can often not be entirely sure which one of the two we’re looking at.

The middle ו (waw) in the word הוד (hod), and the final ה (he) of the word ידה (yada) are allowed to drop out in several grammatical constructions, and the letter י (yod) appears frequently in front of a root to create a form that means ‘he will . . ‘ or ‘let him.. ‘.

In regular texts, the origin of a word can usually be understood from contexts but since names often lack a clear context, we usually can go both ways. Names that contain either of these words must be understood to possess two complete meanings.

הוד

The noun הוד (hod), generally meaning splendor, majesty, vigor, glory or honor, occurs frequently in the Bible, from the authority or majesty of the king (Jeremiah 22:18) or a prophet such as Moses (Numbers 27:20), to the divine splendor of God (Psalm 104:1), and the splendor of Israel due to the blessings of God (Hosea 14:7 – his beauty will be like the olive tree).

If our two words are indeed separate (which scholars assume), the word הוד (hod) is a single child of the identical (and also assumed) root הוד (hwd). And to make the mystery even greater, HAW, the Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament reports, that “so far no related root in other Semitic languages has been found for hod. It is uniquely a Hebrew word”.

That’s obviously a rarity, and raises the suspicion that our two words aren’t separate at all. BDB Theological Dictionary, on the other hand, reports of some Arabic verbs that are similar to our word, one of which means crash, roar, resonance, while the other, oddly enough, means to be gentle, quiet, especially in speech.

Quite a perfect description of Messiah Jesus Yeshua HaMashiach first and second appearances. The first gentle, quiet, especially in speech. and when He returns with more of a crash, roar and resonance.

ידה

The root-verb ידה (yada) means to confess, praise, give thanks.

HAW Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament reports that ‘the primary meaning of this root is, ‘to acknowledge or confess sin, God’s character and works, or man’s character’.

Originally this verb probably meant to cast or throw (and – intuitively – seems to have to do with the noun יד (yad) meaning hand). Yet another by-form of this verb is ידד (yadad), meaning to cast, which is identical to the verb ידד (yadad), meaning to love; as in the name David).

Remnants of this meaning of ‘to cast’, can be found in Lamentations 3:53 and Zechariah 2:4. Then it moved to mean a private or national confession of sin (for instance in Leviticus 16:21, Aaron will praise over the scapegoat), which is the very thing the Law was designed to provoke (Romans 3:20).

Then it evolved to denote gratitude, and only finally it came to indicate what we know as praise. As the theologian Westermann noted, this verb is often translated with to thank, but the Hebrew language has no verb specifically reserved for expression of gratitude.

This verb yields two derivations:

• The feminine plural noun הידות (huyyedot), meaning songs of praise (Nehemiah 12:8 only).

• The feminine noun תודה (toda), meaning confession or praise (Joshua 7:19, Psalm 26:7).

The name יהודה (yehuda; Judah) also comes from this verb, and thus so do:

• The masculine ethnonym יהודי (yehudi), meaning Judaic, Jewish or Jew.

• The feminine ethnonym יהודית (yehudit, hence the name Judith), also meaning Jewish, but only used in the construction “Jewish language” (2 Kings 18:26, Nehemiah 13:24).

The verb יהד (yehud), meaning to become a Jew (Esther 8:17).

Interesting note, that the feminine form of this name, Judith, occurs a generation earlier than Judah and may very well be the original (meaning that the name Judah is derived from Judith and not vice versa). Judith is the Hittite aunt of Judah, married to Judah’s uncle Esau. This also implies that the Biblical meanings of the names Judah and Judith may have been imposed upon these existing names, and the spelling of them altered to fit the meaning.

 

The name Judah transliterated into Greek is Ιουδα, Iouda.

The name Judas (Ιουδας) is the Hellenized version of the Hebrew name Judah.

 

The lion who is still to come.

He came the first time as our submissive Passover lamb

and left His presence with us in

Holy Spirit / Ruach HaKodesh

but

He will come back

and also as Judge.

Lion of Judah and Judaism

The lion of Judah on the emblem of Jerusalem.

 

Within Judaism, the Biblical Judah (in Hebrew: Yehuda) is the original name of the Tribe of Judah – traditionall symbolized by a lion.

In Genesis, the patriarch Jacob refers to his son Judah as a Gur Aryeh יְהּוָדהַאְריֵהּגּור, a “Young Lion” (Genesis 49:9) when blessing him. In the Jewish naming tradition, the Hebrew name and the substitute name are often combined as a pair, as in this case.

As a result of the lion’s link to the tribe of Judah, the dominant tribe among the ancient Israelites and the legendary ancestor of the Kingdom of Judah, Judea and the modern Jews, variations or translations of the word “lion” have been used as a substitute name for Judah (Yehuda) among Jews.

Lion of Judah in Christianity

In Christian tradition, the lion is often assumed to represent Jesus.

Many Christian organizations and ministries use the lion of Judah as their emblem or even their name.

The following phrase appears in the New Testament Book of Revelation 5:5; “And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.”

In the fullness of time ..Gods time …Yeshua/Jesus will return as King of Kings

The Lion of the tribe of Judah יְהוּדָה  Yehudah

 

THE RULES OF PARDES

What Does it mean?

Here’s a short explanation:

The modern manner of interpreting Biblical text is commonly called exegesis.

This method concerns itself mostly with the literary and grammatical context of Scripture verses.

Practitioners of exegesis sometimes view anything beyond the literal text as “isogesis” and often pay it little heed to it, or regard it with suspicion.

Unfortunately this is as a result of a backlash against improper allegorizing of the Scriptures, resulting in a case where ‘the baby is thrown out with the bathwater.’

With regard to the proper understanding of the Hebrew Scriptures within their context, including the ‘New Testament’ books, there are ‘levels’ of interpretation that may be taken into consideration.

This was the method used to write and interpret Scripture by the authors themselves, as well as the audience of their time and culture. Remembering Hebrew thought is not the Western way of thinking which is primarily a Greek mindset.

Here is a basic explanation of:

THE RULES OF PARDES INTERPRETATION

The four levels of interpretation are called:

Parshat,

Remez,

D’rash

Sud.

The first letter of each word P-R-D-S is taken and vowels are added for pronunciation, giving the word PARDES

(meaning “garden” or “orchard”).

The visual image of a garden/orchard

from its meaning being one of a plethora of color,

flowers,

trees,

fruits,

flora and fauna.

A cornucopia of beauty and variety in both richness and most satisfying to the senses. Filling us with joy that creates praise to the Creator of The universe.

By Him therefore let us offer the sacrifice of praise to God continually, that is, the fruit of our lips giving thanks to His Name.

Hebrews 13:15

This is what the Word of God should be to us.

Each layer is deeper and more intense than the last, like the layers of an onion.

 This explains much of why there are sometimes arguments and confusion as to what a scripture means and why it can mean more than one thing and still be correct.

P’shat

(pronounced peh-shaht – meaning ‘simple’)

The p’shat is the plain, simple meaning of the text.

The understanding of scripture in its natural, normal sense using the customary meanings of the word’s being used, literary style, historical and cultural setting, and context.

The P’SHAT is the keystone of Scripture understanding.

If we discard the P’SHAT, we lose any real chance of an accurate understanding and we are no longer objectively deriving meaning from the Scriptures (exegesis), but subjectively reading meaning into the scriptures, (eisogesis).

It has been stated that no passage loses its P’SHAT: in that

a verse cannot depart from its plain meaning.

Note that within the P’SHAT, you can find several types of language, including figurative, symbolic and allegorical.

The following generic guidelines can be used to determine if a passage is figurative and therefore figurative even in its P’SHAT:

When an inanimate object is used to describe a living being, the statement is figurative.

Example: Isaiah 5:7 – For the vineyard of the Lord of hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant; and he looked for judgment, but behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry.

When life and action are attributed to an inanimate object the statement is figurative.

Example: Zechariah 5:1-3 – Then I turned, and lifted up my eyes, and looked, and behold a flying scroll.  And he said to me, What do you see? And I answered, I see a flying scroll; its length is twenty cubits, and its width ten cubits.  And he said to me, This is the curse that goes out over the face of the whole earth; for everyone who steals shall be cut off henceforth, according to it; and everyone who swears falsely shall be cut off henceforth, according to it.

and

When an expression is out of character with the thing described, the statement is figurative.

Example: Psalm 17:8 – Keep me as the apple of the eye, hide me under the shadow of your wings …

Remez

(pronounced reh-mez’ – meaning ‘hint’)

This is where another (implied) meaning is alluded to in the text, usually revealing a deeper meaning.

There may still be a P’SHAT meaning as well as another meaning as any verse can have multiple levels of meaning.

An example of implied ‘REMEZ’ in Proverbs 20:10 – ‘Different weights, and different measures, both of them are alike an abomination to the Lord.’

The P’SHAT would be concerned with a merchant using the same scale to weigh goods for all of his customers.

The REMEZ implies that this goes beyond this into aspects of fairness and honesty in anyone’s life.

D’rash (pronounced deh-rahsh’ also called ‘Midrash,’ meaning ‘concept’.

This is a teaching or exposition or application of the P’SHAT and/or REMEZ. (In some cases this could be considered comparable to a sermon.) For instance, Biblical writers may take two or more unrelated verses and combine them to create a verse(s) with a third meaning.

There are three rules to consider when utilizing the D’RASH interpretation of a text:

A DRASH understanding can not be used to strip a passage of its P’SHAT meaning,

nor may any such understanding contradict the P’SHAT meaning of any other scripture passage.

And as previously stated, ‘No passage loses its P’SHAT.’

Let scripture interpret scripture. Look for the scriptures themselves to define the components of an allegory.

The primary components of an allegory represent specific realities. We should limit ourselves to these primary components when understanding the text.

Sud  (pronounced either sawd, or sood [like ‘wood’] – meaning ‘hidden’)

This understanding is the hidden, secret meaning of a text.

An example most people are familiar with is Revelation 13:18, regarding the “beast” and the number “666.”

EXAMPLES OF PARDES FROM MATTHEW

Examples of the Remez, D’rash and Sud, can be found in Matthew as follows.

(Of course the P’shat is throughout the text.)

Without knowledge and application of the rules of PARDES, these verses would either not make sense or indicate an error on the part of the author:

Remez

Matthew 2:15 – “Out of Egypt I called my son.”

This is a quote from Hosea 11:1 that Matthew is applying to Yeshua. If we stuck to a literal exegesis only and researched the quote, we would have to accuse Matthew of improperly using Scripture, as Hosea is clearly speaking of the nation of Israel, and not the Messiah. Matthew however, is hinting (a remez) at the relationship between Israel and the Messiah, in this and other verses he uses.

D’rash

Matthew 18:18 – “… Whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven”

This is a verse that has been interpreted in numerous ways due to a lack of understanding that this a d’rash, concerning decisions one makes in their personal ‘walk with God’ (called your ‘halakha’ in Hebrew/Judaism).

Sud

Matthew 26:28 – “Then He took the cup, gave thanks and offered it to them saying, Drink from it all of you, This is my blood …”

Taken literally this verse verse would not only be a violation of the Torah commandment against consuming blood, but along with other verses about eating Jesus/Yeshua’s flesh (John 6:51-56), could be grounds for accusations of cannibalism. There is a far deeper, more mystical meaning here, however (the sud), even for those who heard Him, did not understand and receive the revelation of the eating and drinking of His body and Blood. (John 6:52).

It sounds very technical but understanding the ways of interpretation, helps to unlock all that God has for us in His Word, whether obvious or at a deeper level.

Whenever we read scripture, God has something new to impart to us and as we mature we are more able to receive and understand His Word referring to the Pardes as described above.

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